定语从句语法总结（定语从句语法总结初中）

定语从句语法总结

一．几个基本概念 1. 定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。

1. 前身词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。

2. 定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词（名词或代词）之后。

3. 引词词组：引导定语从句的词（包括关系代词和关系副词）。通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可以放在定语从句尾。以下是常见的引词词组：

（1）关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as

（2）关系副词：when(where)/why

1. 引词词组的功能： （1）连接先行词和定语从句。

（2）在定语从句中充当一定的成分（关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语）。

1. 定语从句的类型：

（1）限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间无逗号）。

① 直接由引导词引导定语从句：The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.

② 由介词 关系代词引导：

• The man about whom/which you talked is from Beijing University.

I need a pen with which I can write a letter.

等式：

（2）非限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开）。

① 直接由引导词引导定语从句：

The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.

（或者）The palace about whom I paid a visit is built in the 17th century.

等式：

② 由介词 关系代词引导定语从句：

• The palace, which (whom/that) you often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.

（或者）The palace about whom/which you often paid a visit is built in the 17th century.

等式：

③由“代词/名词 of whom/which”或“of which/whom 名词/代词”(先行词指人)引导。One, some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。

（或其他例子：

The palace (which is built in the 17th century) I often pay a visit to.

He's an old acquaintance whose house has been in use since the 1800s.

These are some photos of him, whose house is quite old.

④由“代词/名词 of whom/which”或“of which/whom 名词/代词”（先行词指物）引导。指人做主语时只能用who，指物做主语时可以用whom。

Examples：

The house (whose window faces south) is my favorite room.

The man with whom I met yesterday is from China.

Whose desk you found? The one that was destroyed in the earthquake.

四．定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的基本用法

1. who/that指人是主格在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的"主语，不能省略"。

Do you know the gentleman (who/whom/that) is sitting there?

1. whom/who/that指人是宾格，在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的"宾语，动宾或介宾".

① 当作动宾（动词后接宾语）时，关系代词可省略。

Do you know the gentleman (whom/who/that) we met just now?

② 当作介宾（介词后接宾语）时：

介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；

介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词＋whom（指人时介词后的关系代词只能用whom）。

The man (whom/who/that) I spoke with is my teacher.

※注：固定的动词短语（动词 介词）如look for, take care of等不能把动词与介词拆开，既介词不能提至引导词前。

Examples:

I didn’t find the desk whose leg was broken. （主语）

He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday. （动宾）

The boss in whose company I work is very kind.（介宾）

4．whose指人或物，是所有格“…的”形式。Whose n.一起在定语从句中充当主语、宾语（动宾或介宾）即先行词的什么东西怎样了，whose不能省略。

Whose n. = the n. of which/whom= of which/ whom the =n.

Examples:

I didn’t find the desk whose leg was broken。（主语）

He is the student whose (which/or whom) pencil I broke yesterday.（动宾）

The boss in whose company I work is very kind。（介宾）

五．Which/that指物，指代先行词且在定语从句中作主语或宾语（动宾或介宾）。

① 当作动宾时，关系代词可省略。

Examples:

② 当作介宾时：

介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；

介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词＋which(指物时介词后的关系代词只能用which)。

The house which/that was destroyed in the earthquake is weak。（主语）

He found yesterday the pen (which/that) you (whom/which) found was mine.

The games (that/which) the young men competed in were difficult。（介宾）

※注:介词＋关系代词即介词＋whom/which(先行词指人用whom，指物用which)。

Examples:

※5.as指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或状语，不能省略。主要用于“the same…as…；such…as…；so …as…；as… as…；as follows”固定结构中，形式固定此时的引导限定性定语从句。

Such people as knew Hill thought he was honest.

Such people as Hill knew thought he was honest.

I’d like to have the same books as are used in your school。（same/other）

He is not such a person as I expected.（which/that）